The largest tree in the world and its Medicinal properties

 

The largest tree in the world and its

Medicinal properties

Dr.N.K.MANOHARAN

Ficus bengalensis is an evergreen, fast-growing tree that can reach up to 30 meters in height, mainly found in monsoon and rain forests. Banyan trees are native to tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, and Australia. However, they are used for landscaping and shade in many parts of the world. It is drought and light frost resistant. Banyan is a tree belonging to the genus Ficus in the family Moraceae of the genus Plantae. Banyans, also called banyans, develop new branches from roots that hang down from the tops, allowing the tree to spread outwards. 

Banyan trees are striking and iconic members of the Ficus genus, known for their distinctive aerial prop roots and broad canopies. Banyan is distinguished from other trees by its habit of growing in the crevices of a host tree or building, beginning life as an epiphyte, i.e. a plant growing on another plant, and growing by destroying that plant. One of the most distinctive features of banyan trees is their aerial prop roots. These roots grow from the branches and extend into the ground and eventually develop into tree trunks. Over time, these roots can form a complex network, forming multiple trees that support the tree. Banyan often refers to Ficus bengalensis or Indian Banyan, a name originally derived from F. bengalensis, came from India, because early European traveller’s observed that Banyans, or a community of Indian traders, frequented the shade of the tree. Banyan trees are trees that provide ample shade with dense foliage. These trees are an ideal choice for creating natural shade and cooling in tropical areas. Banyan trees are known for their longevity and can live for hundreds of years. The continuous growth and development of roots contributes to their resilience and ability to withstand various environmental conditions.

It is a tree found all over India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, China, Taiwan, Malay Archipelago, Mainland Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Australia, Ryukyu Islands, New Caledonia and can be found in many parts of the world but it is the national tree of India, however This name is used to classify all figs that share a common life cycle, and is used systematically in taxonomy to classify the subgenus Urostigma. Like other fig species, the banyan tree bears fruit in the form of a structure called a syconium. It provides shelter and food for syconium wasps of the Ficus species, and the tree's pollination depends on its fruit. Frugivorous birds also disperse banyan seeds. As such, its seeds are small, and since most banyans grow in woodlands, seedlings that fall to the ground and germinate are unlikely to survive. However, many seeds fall on the branches, trunks, or buildings of other trees, and when they germinate, their roots grow into the ground and eventually envelop part of the host tree or building. Banyan leaves are large, glossy and green in color and oval in shape. Young leaves have an attractive red color. Banyan trees are characterized by developing thick branches that are indistinguishable from Thai wood with age. Such aerial roots can sometimes be numerous. The Great Banyan of India is one of the largest trees in the world and is located in Kolkata, India. Its canopy is spread over 4.67 acres. Carefully monitored over the years, the Great Banyan of Kolkata currently has 2,880 affiliated branches.

Banyan trees hold cultural and religious significance in many societies. In Hinduism, the banyan tree is considered sacred and is often associated with the god Vishnu. In Buddhism, the Buddha is believed to have attained enlightenment under the bodhi tree, a type of fig tree that includes the banyan. Banyan trees play a crucial role in the ecosystem by providing habitat and food for various species. Birds, insects and other animals often find shelter in complex branches and contribute to the biodiversity of the surrounding environment.

Banyan trees can propagate in two ways. The fruits produced by these trees contain seeds that can germinate and grow into new trees. Also, when the aerial roots touch the ground and establish contact with the soil, they develop into independent new trees.

Banyan trees are known to adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions. Able to grow in a variety of soils, they are often found in coastal, riparian, and disturbed habitats. Banyan trees, with their majestic presence and ecological importance, attract people from all over the world. Known for their cultural symbolism, ecological benefits, and sheer beauty, these trees stand as symbolic representatives of nature's diverse and interconnected world. Although banyan trees are primarily known for their cultural and ecological importance, they also offer certain health benefits, both directly and indirectly.

Banyan trees, like other plants, play an important role in purifying the air. Through the process of photosynthesis, they absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, thereby improving air quality. Clean, oxygen-rich air is essential for respiratory health and overall well-being.

The extensive canopies of banyan trees provide considerable shade, providing relief from the harsh sun. This shade is beneficial in reducing heat stress and preventing sunburn. Also, the cooling effect created by this shade contributes to a more comfortable environment in the surrounding area. Being in a natural environment, such as the one created by banyan trees, has been linked to reduced stress and improved mental well-being. The tranquil atmosphere under these trees is conducive to relaxation and reduces feelings of anxiety. Banyan trees contribute to the biodiversity of their ecosystems by providing habitats for various species. Healthy ecosystems support a wide variety of plants, animals, and microorganisms, and maintaining such an ecological balance can have positive effects on human health.

In some traditional systems of medicine, various parts of banyan tree, bark, leaves and aerial roots are believed to have medicinal properties. Although scientific research on the medicinal uses of banyan tree components is limited, some traditional practices include the use of these parts for ailments such as diarrhoea, inflammation, and skin diseases. Banyan trees, often found in parks and botanical gardens, provide space for educational and recreational activities. Engaging with nature in these settings provides improved mental health, increased physical activity, and improved overall well-being. But like any natural ingredient, its benefits may vary depending on factors such as personal preference, cultural context, and environmental conditions.